- 2014-12-01 (x)
- 1971-12-28 (x)
- Gardner, Nelson C. (x)
- Search results
Search results
Show moreThis invention relates as indicated to an improved process for the growth of diamonds from seed crystals. It is to be distinguished from the production of industrial diamonds from carbon under conditions of extremely high temperature and pressure. It is also to be distinguished from processes which produce industrial diamonds from seeds at moderate to low pressures. This invention provides conditions for decreasing the rate of the undesired side reaction to graphite, for growing such diamonds of a perfect enough crystal structure so that they have application as semiconductors as well as abrasive materials, and for increasing the overall growth rate of diamond from seed crystals. The conditions which have been found to yield improvement in overall diamond yield and in crystal structure are relatively low temperatures in the range of from 800.degree. to 1,450.degree. C., and at pressures which are very much lower than have heretofore been used. A primary difficulty with prior so-called low-pressure processes for the growth of diamonds is that the growth rate of unwanted graphite is too high. This invention provides means for suppressing the growth rate of graphite and at the same time producing diamond of improved crystalline quality. The term "low pressure" insofar as it is applied to the production of diamond contemplates anything below 40,000 p.s.i. One "low-pressure" process (Hibshman U.S. Pat. No. 3,371,996) contemplates pressures of from 1 to 2,000 atmospheres, and temperatures which are limited to 1,100.degree. C. or less. This process is characterized by utilization of a platinum catalyst to promote the production of carbon from carbon monoxide. The present improvements contemplate very much lower pressures, preferably a hydrocarbon source for the carbon and an absence of metallic catalysts. Another process (Eversole U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,030,187 and -188) contemplates temperatures in the range of from 600.degree. to 1,600.degree. C. and pressures of from 0.03 mm. Hg. to 10 atmospheres. A special type of low-pressure carbon transport process is taught by Brinkman U.S. Pat. No. 3,142,539 which contemplates temperatures in the range of from 1,000.degree. to 1,800.degree. C., and a molten metallic medium for transporting carbon to the seed crystals. Brinkman in U.S. Pat. No. 3,175,885 discloses another carbon transport process utilizing a vapor transport for carbon evaporated from pure graphite at very high temperatures, distinguished by maintaining the seeds and carbon source at different temperatures. As an example of an extremely high-pressure process, reference may be had to U.S. Pat. No. 3,334,968 to Ishizuka who contemplates pressures of 75,000 atmospheres. Also reference may be had to the patent to Wentorf U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,407 which utilizes seed crystals but extremely high pressures on the order of 75,000 atmospheres.
http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT3630679
Show less
Show moreThis invention may be used by or on behalf of the United States Government without the payment of any royalties therefor. The invention relates as indicated to a modified low-pressure process for the growth of diamonds from diamond seed crystals which is characterized by using a mixture of a boron or aluminum compound or lithium vapor with a monocarbon atom source of carbon for diamond deposition. Inclusion of such material (hereinafter called a "doping agent") in the diamond deposition gas results in the production of diamond crystals including boron, aluminum or lithium in the crystal lattice. These elements impart color to the diamond rendering them useful in the gemstone field and also impart semiconducting properties to the diamond crystals. The resulting synthetically grown diamonds may also be used in the manufacture of industrial abrasive tools. The manner of using such materials as are produced by the process herein described is within the skill of artisans in the gemstone, electronics, and abrasive tool fields. The term "low pressure" insofar as it is applied to the production of diamond contemplates anything below 40,000 p.s.i. One "low pressure" process (Hibshman U.S. Pat. No. 3,371,996) contemplates pressures of from 1 to 2,000 atmospheres, and temperatures which are limited to 1,100.degree. C. or less. This process is characterized by utilization of a platinum catalyst to promote the production of carbon from carbon monoxide. The present improvements contemplate very much lower pressures, preferably a hydrocarbon source for the carbon and an absence of metallic catalysts. Another process (Eversole U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,030,187 and 3,030,188) Contemplates temperatures in the range of from 600.degree. to 1600.degree. and pressures of from 0.03 mm. Hg to 10 atmospheres. A special type of low-pressure carbon transport process is taught by Brinkman U.S Pat No. 3,142,539 which contemplates temperatures in the range of from 1000.degree. to 1800.degree. C., and a molten metallic medium for transporting carbon to the seed crystals. Brinkman in U.S. Pat. No. 3,175,885 discloses another carbon transport process utilizing a vapor transport for carbon evaporated from pure graphite at very high temperatures, distinguished by maintaining the seeds and carbon source at different temperatures. As an example of an extremely high-pressure process, reference may be had to U.S. Pat. No. 3,334,968 to Ishizuka who contemplates pressures of 75,000 atmospheres. Also reference may be had to the patent to Wentorf U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,407 which utilizes seed crystals but extremely high pressures on the order of 75,000 atmospheres. There are quite a few other patents which contemplate high-pressure equilibrium processes and these are exemplified by the patents to Darrow U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,501; Strong U.S. Pat. No. 3,303,053; Wentorf U.S. Pat. No. 3,142,595; Wentorf U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,161; Wentorf U.S. Pat. No. 3,181,933; Giardini U.S. Pat., and more.
http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT3630677
Show less