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Show moreThis Briefing Report focuses on changes in the number of participants in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. The principal focus is the period following the passage of the Family Support Act of 1988, mandating participation in welfare to work programs. The reporting period was chosen to end in 1996, shortly before the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program replaced AFDC.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Show moreMeasurement of neighborhood processes and attributes rests on a decision about the proper unit on which to make those measures. It is common for researchers to aggregate survey responses to some level of geography that is a proxy for neighborhood and to treat this aggregation as the neighborhood unit. This paper examines the effects of various levels and methods of aggregation on the properties of neighborhood measures. The data come from Annie E. Casey Foundation's Making Connections survey of over 7000 households in selected neighborhoods of ten cities. This survey, among other things, queried residents about the following neighborhood attributes using five multi-item scales: Social cohesion/trust, shared expectations for informal social control, neighborhood safety, disorder and incivility, and relations with police. Individual level scale reliability is calculated for each scale using Cronbach's alpha to determine the internal consistency among the items. The majority of the scales prove to be reliable at the individual level (a >.7). Survey records were geocoded and the following levels of aggregation are compared: Entire Making Connections area, project defined sub-areas, census tracts, census block groups and the neighborhood named by residents. Variance components and reliability coefficients are calculated for five scales at each of these levels of aggregation. For most scales, smaller geographic units yield higher reliability coefficients. However, resident named neighborhoods also yield highly reliable aggregate measures. Finally, several strategies for constructing resident defined neighborhood units in surveys are illustrated, including analysis of the names residents give to their neighborhoods and resident drawn maps of their neighborhood boundaries.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Show moreThe Federation for Community Planning was interested in understanding factors leading to the use of welfare benefits. For some individuals, entry into the Aid to Dependent Children (AFDC) program for the first time may be precipitated by specific events such as loss of a job, birth of a child, or change in family structure. Such situations may resolve themselves and eliminate the need for AFDC in a relatively short period. For other individuals, there may not be a single precipitating event, instead welfare dependency may be a result of prolonged unemployment and family difficulties. The purpose of this analysis is to identify some of the circumstances surrounding welfare entry and to determine whether they are predictive of how long individuals will receive benefits.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Show moreCuyahoga County's Department of Entitlement and Employment Services asked the Center on Urban Poverty and Social Change to estimate the potential number of children eligible for Medicaid under recent legislative changes. Currently, Cuyahoga County provides Medicaid coverage to all children age 0-5 living in households earning up to 133% of the federal poverty threshold and children age 6-14 in families earning up to 100% of the federal poverty baseline. Beginning January 1, 1998, the State of Ohio will increase the income threshold for all children age 0-18 to 150% of poverty. A newly-created federal program, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), further expands the eligibility option to children living with families earning less than 200% of poverty. Using data from the 1990 Census, this paper estimates the number of Cuyahoga County children eligible for Medicaid under various income scenarios and by geographic areas.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Show moreAs welfare caseloads fall and provisions of welfare reform are implemented in state and local welfare offices, there is a growing interest in families and individuals who leave the welfare rolls. However, welfare caseloads have always been dynamic, with families entering and leaving assistance programs each month. To interpret information on families leaving welfare since welfare reform, it is necessary to know what happened to families who left welfare in the past as well. This is a study of a third quarter, 1996 cohort of welfare leavers, who stopped receiving cash assistance before welfare reform went into effect. It is intended to provide a basis of comparison for future studies of families leaving welfare under welfare reform.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Show moreThis study, undertaken with support from the Federation for Community Planning, estimates the number of Cuyahoga County residents who utilized at least one of three common public assistance programs: Medicaid, Food Stamps, or AFDC. Using administrative data and estimates of the County's five year accumulated population, the Center on Urban Poverty and Social Change has calculated the government assistance utilization rates of residents in Cuyahoga County during the five year period, July, 1992 through June, 1997.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Show moreBeginning October 1, 1997, the state of Ohio placed a time limit on the number of months a family may use Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), formerly known as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Under the new law, there is a lifetime limit of five years for cash assistance. Initially, an Ohio family is restricted to using 36 months of welfare within any five year period. After five years, the Ohio family may use an additional 24 months of assistance. This Briefing Report estimates the number of Cuyahoga County TANF recipients who are likely to meet the 36 month time limit under the new law. Beginning in 1995, the Center on Urban Poverty and Social Change initiated a number of studies on local welfare recipients. 1 Since that time, Cuyahoga County's caseload, similar to the nation's, has declined dramatically. This report draws on the earlier analyses to study the current Cuyahoga County caseload.
Digital Books at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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