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Show moreField of the invention: The present invention is directed to the isolation and characterization of the entire coding sequence of human L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM). The invention also relates to the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) characterized by the present invention and the use of this sequence for studying the role of human L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in normal and damaged neuronal tissue. In addition, the invention is directed to the isolated and purified polypeptide chain encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the invention. Background of the invention: Cell adhesion molecules (abbreviated CAMs) are neuronal cell surface glycoproteins which help to mediate the cohesive interactions between developing or regenerating neurities. It is believed that proper adhesion of neuronal cells to each other and to their surrounding extracellular matrix is essential for maintaining and/or promoting growth of the neuronal cells. A number of cell adhesion molecules have been isolated and identified, including neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), nerve growth factor-inducible large external glycoprotein (NILE), neuron-glial CAM (Ng-CAM) and closely related proteins L1 (L1 antigen). These integral membrane glycoproteins, or molecules closely related thereto, have been described by Applicants and others in the nervous system of several species. Representative examples of such identification and description include L1cam in mouse, (Rathjen, F. G., Schachner, M., Immunocytological And Biochemical Characterization Of A New Neuronal Cell Surface Component (L1 Antigen) Which Is Involved In Cell Adhesion. EMBO J. 3:1-10 (1984)); NILE in rat, (McGuire, J. C., Greene, L. A., Furano, A. V., Nerve Growth Factor Stimulates Incorporation Of Fucose Or Glucosamine Into An External Glycoprotein In Cultures Rat PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells. Cell 15:357-365 (1978)); Ng-CAM/8D9/G4 in chick, (Grumet, M., Edelman, G. M., Neuron-Glia Cell Adhesion Molecule Interacts with Neurons and Astroglia via Different Binding Mechanisms. J. Cell Biol. 106:487-503 (1988); and, Lemmon, V., McLoon, S., The Appearance Of An L1-Like Molecule In The Chick Primary Visual Pathway, J. Neurosci. 6:2987-2994, (1986)); and Neuroglian in Drosophila (Bieber, A. J., Snow, P. M., Hortsch, M., Patel, N. H., Jacobs, J. R., Traquina, Z. R., Schilling, J., Goodman, C. S., Drosophila Neuroglian: A Member Of The Immunoglobulin Superfamily With Extensive Homology To The Vertebrate Neural Adhesion Molecule L1. Cell 59:447-460 (1989)). These molecules share similar biochemical properties, immunological crossreactivity, localization predominantly on axons of projection neurons, homology in nucleotide sequence as well as functional similarity. The L1 cell adhesion molecule, which was first isolated and characterized in mouse (i.e. L1cam) is a membrane-spanning glycoprotein that has sequence similarity with both fibronectin and the immunoglobulin superfamily.
http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT5872225
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Show moreBackground of the invention: In the past, silicon phthalocyanines generally have been made by the cyclization of a ring precursor. One such method involves reacting a diiminoisoindoline with a tetrachlorosilane. An example of this route is: ##STR1##A disadvantage of this method is that it gives byproducts which are difficult to separate. The products are thus difficult to purify. Moreover certain phthalocyanine molecules are difficult, if not impossible, to assemble by this method. Summary of the invention: The present invention provides a simple, flexible, convenient method for making silicon phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines by inserting silicon into metal-free phthalocyanines and metal-free naphthalocyanines. The method comprises: providing a metal-free phthalocyanine or metal-free naphthalocyanine; reacting the metal-free phthalocyanine or metal-free naphthalocyanine with HSiCl.sub.3 to provide a reaction product; then reacting the reaction product with water; and extracting a silicon phthalocyanine or a silicon naphthalocyanine. The invention also relates to novel phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines. The phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are useful as photosensitizers and as dyes. Detailed description of the invention: The present invention provides a simple, flexible, convenient method for making silicon phthalocyanines and silicon naphthalocyanines, hereinafter collectively referred to as "macrocycles", by inserting silicon into metal-free phthalocyanines and metal-free naphthalocyanines. The method is useful for making known compounds as well as novel compounds. The method comprises the following steps: first providing a metal-free phthalocyanine or a metal-free naphthalocyanine preferably having some substituent groups to make it soluble. The metal-free phthalocyanine or metal-free naphthalocyanine is then reacted with trichlorosilane, in a trichlorosilane to macrocycle ratio of from about 100:1 to about 1:1, preferably from about 30:1 to 10:1. The metal-free phthalocyanine or metal-free naphthalocyanine is preferably reacted with HSiCl.sub.3 in the presence of an amine and an organic solvent. Preferably the amine is substituted with three alkyl groups, each alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; tri-n-propylamine is the preferred amine. The organic solvent employed in this step is inert and has a boiling point below 200.degree. C. Suitable solvents include, for example, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, acetonitrile and CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 ; CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 is preferred. Benzene is less preferred. The reaction mixture is then hydrolyzed; and the hydrolysate is extracted with a volatile organic solvent. Preferably the volatile organic solvent has a boiling point below about 220.degree. C. Preferred volatile solvents include, for example, toluene and CH.sub.2 Cl.sub. 2. The phthalocyanines are useful as photosensitizers, as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,179 issued Nov. 24, 1992 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,778 issued Jan. 16 1996.
http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT5872248
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